Memory is a device or system that operates at a high speed and is used to store information for immediate use in a computer or related computer hardware and digital electronic devices. Besides storing opened programs, computer memory serves as disk cache to improve both reading and writing performance. If needed, contents of the computer memory can be transferred to storage (virtual memory).

A storage device is any type of computing hardware that is used for storing, porting or extracting data files and objects. Storage devices can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently. They may be internal or external to a computer, server or computing device. These types of devices include the hard disk (SSD, HDD), the optical disk drive, Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) and USB storage devices.

A Network Adapter (Network Interface Controller) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. It implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer (Ethernet, Wi-Fi). This provides a base for a full network protocol stack allowing communication among LAN computers and large-scale network communications through routable protocols (IP).

Graphics card is an integrated circuit that generates the video signal sent to a computer display. The card is usually located on the computer motherboard or is a separate circuit board inserted into expansion slot (AGP, PCI Express), but is sometimes built into the computer display unit. It contains GPU (processor dedicated to creating images), digital-to-analog converter and memory chips that store display data.

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or text form. A monitor usually comprises a visual display, some circuitry, a casing, and a power supply. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) with LED backlighting. Monitors are connected to the computer via VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C, LVDS or other proprietary connectors and signals.

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card (or integrated onto the motherboard) that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards or sound card functionality include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games), etc.

A battery is a hardware component that supplies power to a device, enabling that device to work without a power cord. Batteries are often capable of powering a laptop computer for several hours depending on how much power it requires. In most cases, modern laptop batteries are lithium-ion batteries. They have good power to weight ratios and are more durable than many other types of rechargeable batteries.

A computer keyboard is a peripheral input device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Keyboard keys have a set of characters engraved or printed on them. Each press of a key corresponds to a single written symbol. Keyboard is used as a text entry interface for typing text, numbers, and symbols into application software such as a word processor or web browser.

A pointing device is a human interface device that allows a user to input spatial (i.e., continuous and multi-dimensional) data to a computer. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes. Common gestures are point and click and drag and drop. Common pointing devices are: Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Graphics tablet, Stylus, Touchpad, Touchscreen, etc.

A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy. Printers are one of the most popular computer peripherals and are commonly used to print text and photos. The most common printers are inkjet and laser printers. The most common way a printer can connect to and communicate with a computer are by USB cable (wired) or via Wi-Fi (wireless).